30 November 2011
Fr Robert J.
Campbell

born 24 June
1931
professed 02 July 1952
ordained 24 May 1958
North America
|
Obituary :
Father Robert J. Campbell,
M.S., died at St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center in Hartford,
Connecticut. He was born in Easthampton, Massachusetts on June 24,
1931, son of Merrill and Claudia (Courtmanche) Campbell. After
attending parochial school in Easthampton, Father completed his
education with the Missionaries of Our Lady of La Salette in
seminaries in Enfield, New Hampshire and Attleboro, Massachusetts.
He entered the Novitiate of the La Salette Province of Mary
Immaculate in East Brewster, Massachusetts on July 1, 1951. Father
made perpetual profession of vows on July 2, 1955 and was ordained
to the priesthood on May 24, 1958 in St. Anthony Church, New
Bedford, Massachusetts by Bishop Turner. |
19 November 2011
Fr
Théodule J. Richard

born 31 March
1924
professed 02 July 1957
ordained 02 July 1951
North America
|
Obituary :
Rev Father Theodule J.
Richard died at the
Saint Francis
Hospital in Hartford,
Connecticut. Father was born in St.
Ignatius, son of the late
Oliver and the late
Éva (née Babineau) Richard.
Besides the religious
family, father is survived by
a sister, Florine
Grey (Anthony) of
Holiday, Florida,
his brother Archbishop
André Richard, CSC,
Archbishop of Moncton,
an adopted brother,
Jean de Moncton, many
cousins, and several
nieces and nephews. |
17
November 2011
Fr.
Ernst Tremp

born 8 December 1912
professed 19 September 1935
ordained 28 July 1940
Switzerland
20
October 2011
Fr
Stanley T. Kennedy

born 13
September 1941
professed 02 July 1962
ordained 30 May 1970
North America
|
Obituary :
Reverend Stanley T.
Kennedy, M.S., was born in Brooklyn, NY on September 13, 1941, son
of Stanislaus and Ethel (Smith) Kennedy. He attended schools in New
York and in Nashua, NH before entering the La Salette Seminary high
school in Hartford in 1955. Father Kennedy entered the La Salette
Novitiate in Bloomfield in 1961. He made perpetual profession on
September 19, 1966 and was ordained to the priesthood at the former
La Salette Seminary in Ipswich, MA. His studies for the priesthood
took place at La Salette Seminaries in Altamont, NY and Ipswich, MA
as well as at the Gregorian University in Rome, Italy. In 1976
Father Kennedy also completed studies for a Master’s Degree in
Pastoral Counseling at Iona College in New Rochelle, NY and a Ph.D.
in religious studies at Boston University in 1992. |
23
September 2011
Fr José
Oehri
born 28 July
1923
professed 10 October 1946
ordained 22 July 1951
Angola
18
September 2011
Fr Emile
Dusseault
born 28 March
1927
professed 19 September 1946
ordained 01 May 1954
North America
|
Obituary : Reverend Emile C. Dusseault, M.S., was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, son of the late Emile and Roselind (Trembly) Dusseault. After graduating from St. Joseph School in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, he attended the La Salette Seminary High School in Hartford. In July of 1945 he entered the La Salette Novitiate in Bloomfield where he made first profession of vows. He completed junior college studies at La Salette seminaries in Ipswich, Massachusetts and Milford, Iowa, and returned to Ipswich to complete his studies in philosophy and theology. After ordination Father Dusseault was appointed professor and prefect at La Salette Seminary High School in Hartford and served there for six years before being named assistant pastor of St. James Parish in Danielson where he ministered for eight years. After a brief time as assistant pastor in his home parish, St. Joseph Church in Fitchburg, MA, he returned to St. James Parish in 1969 as its pastor. He served for a time as General Treasurer in Rome before returning to the States in 1980 as pastor of Our Lady of Prompt Succor Parish in Golden Meadow, Louisiana. Nine years later he became pastor of the newly created parish of St. Mildred in Swansboro, North Carolina, where he ministered for eleven years. In 2000 he was assigned to the retirement residence established in Titusville, Florida and served as its Director. In 2005 Father was named to the La Salette House in Hartford and resided there until his recent illness. In addition to his La Salette confreres, Father Dusseault is survived by two brothers, Norman of St. Petersburg, Florida and Robert of Leominster, Massachusetts. |
12
September 2011
Fr Roland
Vandal

born 26
January 1923
professed 02 July 1943
ordained 11 June 1949
North America
|
Obituary : Reverend Roland G. Vandal, M.S., 88, was born in Southbridge, son of the late Stanislas and Alice (Guilbault) Vandal. He attended schools in Southbridge and entered the La Salette Minor Seminary in Enfield, NH in 1936. After Novitiate he continued his studies for the priesthood at the La Salette Seminary in Attleboro, MA and was ordained a priest on June 11, 1949. Father Vandal studied at St. Paul University, Ottawa, Canada where he received a master's degree in Pastoral Sciences. Over the years Father Vandal taught in various La Salette Seminaries in Enfield, NH; Attleboro, MA; East Brewster, MA; and Bouleyers, Switzerland. He also ministered in Montreal, Canada as assistant pastor of La Salette Parish and as a hospital chaplain. After five years as director for La Salette foreign missions, he was sent to minister in the La Salette Province of Mary Queen where he served as assistant pastor in Golden Meadow, LA before returning to studies at St. Paul University in Ottawa, Canada. In 1971 Father returned to Louisiana as assistant pastor at Our Lady of Lourdes Parish in Violet. Three years later he was named assistant pastor at Our Lady of La Salette Parish in Montreal, Canada where he ministered until 1982. Father Vandal served as assistant pastor at St. Mary/St. John parishes in Cambridge-Johnson, VT until 1989 when Father Vandal was renamed to Our Lady of La Salette Parish in Montreal. In 2002 he retired to the La Salette Hartford House. The following year Father became a resident of St. Mary Home in West Hartford. In addition to his La Salette Community he is survived by many nephews and nieces. He was predeceased by seven brothers and seven sisters. |
10 August 2011
Bro. Jean-Marie Gouez
born 19 June 1920
professed 25 December 1938
France
15
July 2011
Fr
Roman Sikora

born 06
January
1934
professed 08 September 1952
ordained 19 April 1959
Poland
11
July 2011
Fr Santo
Granzotto
born 25 May
1925
professed 27 February 1946
ordained 05 July 1953
Brazil
17
June 2011
Fr
James Caffery
born 09 April
1933
professed 02 July 1954
ordained 28 May 1960
North America
|
Obituary : Reverend Father James D. Caffery, M.S., born in Middletown, CT on April 9, 1933, son of the late James P. and Emilia (Viger) Caffery. He attended local schools in Middletown before entering the La Salette Seminary High School in Hartford in 1947. He completed junior college at La Salette Seminary in Bloomfield and Hartford before entering the novitiate in Bloomfield in 1953. He completed his studies for the priesthood at the La Salette Seminary in Ipswich, MA and was ordained by the Most Reverend Thomas J. Riley, Auxiliary Bishop of Boston. After ordination Father Caffery was named Assistant Director at the La Salette Junior Seminary in Cheshire. In 1965 he was named Director at the La Salette Seminary in Altamont, NY before being named Superior and Director of Scholastics at La Salette Seminary in Ipswich in 1970. In 1977 he was appointed Assistant Pastor of St. James Parish in Danielson and then Pastor of St. Mary Parish in Ware, MA. After serving for five years at Our Lady of Prompt Succor Parish in Golden Meadow, LA, Father ministered for the next sixteen years in Georgia as Pastor at St. Matthew Church in Fairburn, St. Thomas the Apostle Parish in Smyrna, and Our Lady of La Salette Parish in Canton. He loved parish life and ministering to the needs of people. In 2006 he retired to Blessed Trinity Parish in Orlando, FL, and resided there until September of 2009 when he was named to residence at the La Salette House in Hartford. In addition to his La Salette confreres, Father Caffery is survived by a brother, William Caffery of Higganum, CT. |
09
June 2011
Fr
Clarence Wheeler

born 01 May
1923
professed 02 July 1948
ordained 01 May 1954
North America
|
Obituary :
Reverend Father Clarence was born on May 1, 1923 in Olyphant,
Pennsylvania a son of the late Clarence and Mary Fitzgerald Wheeler.
He enlisted in the U.S. Army after Pearl Harbor, where he served on
Utah Beach and was injured in the Battle of the Bulge. He entered
the Missionaries of La Salette – a missionary order founded in
France in 1852. He went into the novitiate in Bloomfield,
Connecticut in 1946 and after professioin he went to Ipswich, Mass,
to study theology and philosophy. After the ordination, Father
Wheeler returned to Jefferson City to teach at the seminary and
serve as a prison chaplain at the Algoa Reformatory. He also served
from 1954 – 1964 as an auxiliary chaplain at Fort Leonard Wood. In
1965 he was assigned to St. Peter parish in Houston, Texas and in
1966 he established a new catholic parish in the Houston suburb of
Friendswood, Texas. |
01
January 2011
Fr
Aloysius McPartland
born 20 July
1919
professed 02 July 1941
ordained 25 March 1947
North America
11 December 2010
Fr
Roger Leroux
born 15 February 1926
professed 02 July 1947
ordained 07 June 1952
North America
14
November 2010
Fr
Normand Mailloux
born 29 May 1930
professed 02 July 1948
ordained 04 June 1955
North America
16
September 2010
Fr
Romeo Gonzales
born 18 December 1946
professed 19 September 1966
ordained 04 May 1973
Philippines
29
August 2010
Fr
Gerald M. Baril
born 07 March 1930
professed 02 July 1953
ordained 25 April
1959
North America
01 August 2010
Fr.
Angelo Avitabile
born 08
October1960
professed 14
September 1980
ordained 15
December1985
Italy
25
July 2010
Fr.
Antoine
Perrero
born 03
September 1920
professed 19
September 1941
ordained
15 September 1946
France
07
July 2010
Fr
Ilidio da Silva Machado
born 01 November
1914
professed 02 February 1947
ordained 11 August 1973
Brazil
05
July 2010
Fr
Jerzy Szpunar

born 01
January
1955
professed 08
September 1975
ordained 17 May 1981
Poland
19
June 2010
Fr.
René Geoffroy
born 18
October 1930
professed 01
November 1949
ordained
28 October 1956
France
14
June 2010
Fr.
Albert Müller
born 27 October 1921
professed 13 November 1941
ordained 22 March 1947
Switzerland
29
May 2010
Fr Francis J. Kula

born 20 January 1929
professed 5 August 1948
ordained 14 March 1954
North America
|
Obituary : Reverend Father Kula, was born on January 20, 1929, in Cloverleaf, Manitoba, Canada, son of the late Stephen and Caroline (Haier) Kula. He attended schools in Canada before entering La Salette Seminary in Olivet, Illinois in 1947. After completing his novitiate and pronouncing his first vows in August of 1948, he began his studies for the priesthood at La Salette in Olivet. In 1950 he was sent to Rome to study Theology. While in Europe, he made perpetual profession of vows as a Missionary of La Salette at La Salette, France, on September 28, 1951. Upon completing his studies, he was ordained to the priesthood on March 14, 1954, in St. Stanislaus Church in Rome. Early assignments took him to Canada for parish ministry in Red Lake and Elma. In 1960 he was appointed Director of the La Salette Minor Seminary in Olivet. In 1966 he was named Superior of the La Salette Shrine Community at Twin Lakes, Wisconsin. While there, he was instrumental in the construction and remodeling of the Shrine Center, served as its Director, and ministered in many capacities. He was also active in ministry at St. Paul Parish in Milwaukee. In 2003 Father Kula became Catholic Chaplain at the State Veteran's Home and Hospital in Rocky Hill, Connecticut, where he also resided. Father Kula was very active in ministry, especially in the hospital section of the facility. He was earnest, dedicated and reliable in all that he did in community and ministry. In addition to his La Salette confreres, Father Kula is survived by a sister, Mrs. Bernice (Kula) Zurawski of Alexandria, Virginia, and was predeceased by two brothers, Edward and Stanley. |
28
April 2010
Fr.
Antonio Di Fabio

born 18 November 1927
professed 31 May 1945
ordained 4 April 1953
Italy
23
April 2010
Fr
Paul
A. Roy
born 27 February 1932
professed 2 July 1952
ordained 26 October 1958
North America
|
Obituary : Rev. Paul A. Roy, M.S., was born on February 27, 1932, in Fitchburg, MA son of the late Albert and Yvonne Nadeau Roy. He attended local schools before entering the La Salette Junior Seminary in Enfield, New Hampshire, in 1945. Following college studies in Enfield, he entered the La Salette Novitiate in East Brewster, MA. He made perpetual profession on September 28, 1956. He pursued theological studies at the Angelicum University in Rome, Italy, where he received his Bachelor and Licentiate degrees prior to his ordination in Rome on October 26, 1958. On returning stateside he taught at the La Salette Seminary in Enfield. He was also Spiritual Director at the Seminary and served on the Province Education Commission. In 1971 he pursued graduate studies for a Ph.D. in English at the University of Ottawa in Canada, and later served as chaplain and instructor at Darcy McGee High School in Hull, Quebec. In January of 1997 he was assigned to the Provincial House in Attleboro to manage the province archives and to assist in the La Salette Missionary Association office. In late 1997 he was asked to take charge of the archives at the La Salette General House in Rome where he was diligent in maintaining the Congregation's important records and documents. In October of 2009 health issues prompted his return to the States, and he was named to Hartford House in Hartford. In addition to his La Salette brothers Father Paul is survived by two sisters-in-law Mrs. Dianne Roy of Paxton, MA, and Mrs. Catalda Roy of Sterling, MA; three nephews Robert Roy, Jr., of Thompson, CT, Mark Roy of Sterling, MA, and Paul Roy, of Middlebury, CT; and a niece Theresa Cleary of Thompson, CT. |
20
April 2010
Fr
George A. Dubé

born 26 June 1920
professed 02 July 1942
ordained 22 May 1948
North America
11
April 2010
Fr.
Leo
Sarbach
born 02 September 1920
professed 19 September 1939
ordained 30 July 1944
Switzerland
09
April 2010
Fr.
Joseph Laurent
born 10 March 1933
professed 01 November 1952
ordained 17 December
1960
France
18 March 2010
Fr.
Francois Garrec
born 06 April1925
professed 01 November1949
0rdained 25 July 1954
France
02
January 2010
Fr
Fryderyk Przybycień

born 10 July
1931
professed 08
September 1951
ordained 16 June
1957
Poland
03
December 2009
Fr
Augusto Felix
Salasi
born 31 May 1948
professed 08 September 1977
ordained 25 July 1976
Angola
29
October 2009
Fr Adelar Menegazzi

born 26 June 1928
professed 03
February
1953
ordained 25 December 1958
Brazil
28
September 2009
Fr
Francisco E.
Negri
born 24 September 1959
professed 03
February
1998
ordained 25 july 2004
Argenitna-Bolivia
14
September 2009
Fr
Leo
Cummings
born 03 February 1939
professed 02
July
1960
ordained 28 May
1966
North America
|
Obituary : Reverend Leo B. Cummings, son of the late John L. Cummings and Mary B. (Stratton) Cummings was born on February 3, 1939 in New York City. He completed high school at the La Salette Junior Seminary in Hartford and entered the La Salette Novitiate in Bloomfield. After his Ordination, Father Leo was first assigned to the La Salette House of Studies in Washington, DC where he served as Treasurer while taking courses in Library Science at Catholic University. The following year he was named Treasurer and Librarian at the La Salette Seminary in Altamont. After appointments as Parochial Vicar at Our Lady of Sorrows Church in Hartford, CT and St. James Church in Danielson, CT, Father Leo was called to service within the La Salette Community and over the years held positions of Formation Director, Vocation Director, Superior and Treasurer of the La Salette Residence in Hartford, CT, and Director of Pastoral Planning. In 1993 he returned to parish ministry as Pastor of St. Clement Parish in Calhoun, GA and then as Parochial Vicar at St. Ann Church in Marietta, GA. In recent years, declining health limited Farther Cummings' ministerial activities. Father Leo was a devoted chaplain to Marriage Encounter couples in New England and North Georgia and served on the National Board to Marriage Encounter. In 2004, he was named in residence at St. Thomas the Apostle Rectory in Smyrna, GA. In addition to his La Salette confreres, he is survived by two cousins, Mrs. Virginia Murphy of Somerset, MA and Mr. George Stratton of Greensboro, NC, as well as many friends. |
03
September 2009
Oblate James W.
Gerner

born 15 June 1929
North America
02
September 2009
Fr.
Alfons Bauser
born 26 November1938
professed 16 October 1959
ordained 14 March1964
Switzerland
20
August 2009
Fr.
Carl J. Bagge

born 19 September 1919
professed 10
September
1950
ordained 05 May
1956
North America
13
June 2009
Fr. Roberto Bryer
born 13 May 1933
professed 29 September 1960
ordained 21 April 1964
Italy
12 June 2009
Bro. Jean Richard
born 17 January 1933
professed 08 December 1953
France
16
January 2009
Fr. John L. Blumm

born 19 September 1919
professed 02 July 1940
ordained 26 May 1945
North America
|
Obituary : Reverend John L. "Mike" Blumm, M.S., 89, died on Friday, January 16, 2009 in West Cal Cam Hospital in Sulphur, Louisiana. Father Blumm was born on September 19, 1919 in Buffalo, New York to Ladislaus Blumm and Angela (Spiewak) Blumm. He grew up in Michigan and completed high school at the La Salette Apostolic School in Hartford, Connecticut in 1939. He entered the Novitiate of the Missionaries of La Salette on July 1, 1939 in Bloomfield, Connecticut and professed First Vows on July 2, 1940. Father Blumm departed from New York on a freighter for Burma (known today as Myanmar) to begin mission efforts in a land decimated by invasion during World War II. He served as a missionary in Burma for 30 years under very difficult and dangerous conditions. He returned to the United States in 1976 and served as pastor or associate pastor of many parishes in Texas and Louisiana. In 2001, he was named Senior Priest in Residence in Sulphur, Louisiana. In 2006, he was assigned to residence at the La Salette South Broadway House in St. Louis, Missouri. He returned in Sulphur August of 2008 and resided at Stonebridge Place for Assisted Living. In addition to the members of his religious community, Father Blumm is survived by a brother, Walter Blumm, and a sister, Victoria Blumm, as well as several nieces, nephews and many friends. |
16
January 2009
Fr.
Proch Jerzy
born 08 July 1954
professed 08 September 1975
ordained 17 May 1981
Switzerland
27 December 2008
Bro. Paul Ac'h
born 25 January 1923
professed 21 June 1941
France
24 November 2008
Fr. Jose Nacu
born 19 May 1932
professed 25 December 1952
ordained 11 May 1957
Philippines
22 November 2008
Bro. Peter Staskiewicz

born 17 September 1920
professed 05 August 1952
North America
|
Obituary : Brother Peter P. Staskiewicz, M.S., 88, was born in Newington, on September 17, 1920, son of the late Joseph and Catherine (Jurewicz) Staskiewicz. He attended schools in Newington, and served with distinction in the U.S. Army in the South Pacific and the Philippines for almost four years during World War II. While in New Caledonia he met a Missionary of La Salette, the late Father Henri Durand, M.S. who was a chaplain in the Army. Upon his return to the States he contacted the La Salette Province in Olivet, IL and eventually joined the Community. He entered the La Salette Novitiate in Olivet, on August 4, 1951 and made First Profession of Vows on August 5, 1952. Brother Peter served the La Salette Community at the Novitiate and Seminary in Olivet, and in various Community houses in Milwaukee, WI. He assisted in various capacities but primarily worked as a chef for the La Salette Community and students. For the past 11 years he resided at the La Salette Hartford House in Hartford. In addition to his La Salette confreres, Brother Peter is survived by a brother Leonard Stasky, two sisters Peggy Bechum and Frances Brandt all of Newington; and several nieces and nephews, cousins and close friends. |
11 October 2008
Bro. Juan Magro Andrés
born 17 October 1928
professed 01 November 1961
Italy
15 September 2008
Fr. James Hurley
born 13 August 1918
professed 02 July 1942
ordained 18 May 1948
North America
|
Obituary :Reverend James P. Hurley, M.S., 90 was born in Hartford, the son of the late James F. and Margaret (Reardon) Hurley. He attended St. Peter School, St. Thomas Seminary in Bloomfield, and Hartford High School. After two years at La Salette College in Hartford, Father Hurley entered the La Salette novitiate in Bloomfield. He studied Philosophy in Altamont, NY and Milford, IA and Theology in Altamont, N.Y. for one year before completing Theology at the newly established La Salette Seminary in Ipswich, MA. Father Hurley was ordained in Hartford by Archbishop Henry J. O'Brien on May 18, 1948. He served as prefect at the La Salette Seminary in Hartford before being named Vocation Director in Jefferson City, MO and Hartford. In 1961 he was appointed Director of Students, Spiritual Director, and Professor at the La Salette College Seminary in Altamont, NY. In 1965 Father Jim was assigned to St. James Parish in Danielson, as Parochial Vicar. After serving there for five years, he was named superior and treasurer of La Salette Seminary in Cheshire. After years on loan to the Diocese of Miami, FL, he served as Parochial Vicar at Our Lady of La Salette Parish in Canton, GA. From 1993 until his retirement in 2001 Father Hurley served as Parochial Vicar at St. Ann Church in Marietta, GA. During the last eight years, Father Hurley enjoyed a ministry of presence and prayer while residing at Hartford House with his La Salette confreres. In May of this year he celebrated his 60th Anniversary in the priesthood. In addition to his La Salette Community, Father Hurley is survived by a nephew John Hurley of East Wallingford, VT, a cousin Reverend William McCarthy of Moodus, and numerous cousins from Connecticut and Massachusetts. |
13 May 2008
Fr. Gustav Truffer
born 21 February 1919
professed 19 September 1939
ordained 30 July 1944
Switzerland
12 May 2008
Fr. Alfred Hischer
born 24 September 1923
professed 19 September 1943
ordained 02 April 1949
Switzerland
23 March 2008
Fr. Norbert Ramboasalama

born 6 June 1933
professed 28 September 1952
ordained 10 July 1960
Madagascar
01 March 2008
Bro. Robert Nichols

born 30 September 1945
professed 02 July 1966
North America
|
Obituary : Brother Robert L. Nichols was born in Southbridge, son of Anna J. (Metras) Nicholas and the late Gerard J. Nichols. He attended Notre Dame Grammar and High schools in Southbridge, graduating in June of 1964. He completed Pre-Novitiate formation for the LaSalette Missionaries at LaSalette Seminary in East Brewster and entered the Novitiate in Center Harbor, N.H. in July 1965, making First Profession on July 2, 1966. His Juniorate program for newly professed brothers was in East Brewster for the first year and at the LaSalette Provincial House in Attleboro for the second year. In the summer of 1968, he was assigned to East Brewster and temporarily to the Novitiate in Center Harbor. In January of 1969 until September 1984, he served at the La Salette Seminary and Shrine in Enfield, N.H. After a year sabbatical, Brother Robert was assigned back to the LaSalette Provincial House in Attleboro where he had been ministering since 1989. Brother Robert was actively involved with the Knights of Columbus, having twice served as grand knight of St. John's Council, No. 404 in Attleboro, and faithful navigator of the Edward Douglas White General Assembly, No. 0398 in Attleboro. In addition to his mother, Brother Robert is survived by five brothers: Arthur, Francis, Richard, George and Paul Nichols; a sister, Clara Kachinski; their spouses, and many nephews, nieces as well as grandnephews and grandnieces. |
26 February 2008
Fr. James O'Reilly

born 09 August 1913
professed 19 July 1931
ordained 18 December 1937
North America
|
Obituary :Reverend James P. O'Reilly, M.S., was Born on August 9, 1913 in Youghal, County Cork, Ireland. He was the son of the late Christopher and Nora Loretta (Coveney) O'Reilly. His mother, after the untimely death of her husband in 1922, moved the family to Tournai, Belgium where Father O'Reilly and his brother, the late Rev. John O'Reilly, M.S., first came to know of La Salette at the Seminary in Tournai. In 1927 Father O'Reilly entered La Salette Apostolic School in Hartford. After completing the novitiate program in Bloomfield and after his first profession, he went to Rome to study Philosophy and Theology and was ordained to the priesthood at St. John Lateran Church in Rome on December 18, 1937. In 1946 he began his ministry of teaching, a profession to which he devoted many years in La Salette seminaries in Altamont, NY; Milford, IA; Bloomfield, Hartford, Cheshire, CT and Rome, Italy. In 1953 he authored the book "The Story of La Salette" and over the years he used his proficiency in languages to translate many documents and books for the La Salette Community. In 1967 he was appointed to assist the Superior General in Rome with Chapter preparations. He returned to the States the following year. In addition to his La Salette Community Father O'Reilly is survived by many nieces and nephews. |